The term ""Credit to the Owner"" (CTTO) is frequently used to acknowledge the original owner or creator of social media content, such as a picture, video clip, news article, essay, opinion, story, or meme. When someone wants to share something that they didn't make or write, they usually put ""CTTO"" in the post or caption, and sometimes they use a hashtag like ""#CTTO.""
CTTO is only used when the copied content is reposted under their name or on a social media account, not when the share button is used. For instance, if someone wants to post a poem they found online to a Facebook page, group, or profile, they would copy the poem and add the word ""CTTO"" at the end. ,'_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_5',191,,_('div-gpt-ad-_com-medrectangle-3-0');
Example of CTTO in a Facebook post These days, the use of CTTO in social media posts is fairly common, but is it really the right way to credit the original author or creator? Does it keep you out of legal trouble if you use copyrighted works without permission?
The Fair Use Doctrine and Copyright as Established by Republic Act No. According to Section 8293 of the Philippines' Intellectual Property Code, works of literature and art are ""protected by the sole fact of their creation, irrespective of their mode or form of expression, as well as their content, quality, and purpose."" In addition, the law states that ""in the case of original literary and artistic works, copyright shall belong to the author of the work,"" with the exception of instances in which the work is commissioned or created for employment purposes.
Copyright is the legal protection afforded to the owner of the rights to an original work, according to the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHL). Every literary, scientific, and artistic production is considered an ""original work."" 300,250],'_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_6',192,,_('div-gpt-ad-_com-medrectangle-4-0');
Books, articles and other writings, letters, musical compositions, drawings and paintings, films, photographs, and computer programs are examples of literary and artistic works that are protected by copyright.
When a copyrighted work is reproduced, distributed, performed, publicly displayed, published, or made into a derivative work without permission from the copyright owner, this is considered copyright infringement. The first offense of copyright infringement can result in a fine of between 50,000 and 150,000 in the Philippines.
However, the concept of fair use may apply in certain situations to the use of copyrighted content without the author's permission. Copyrighted works can be used for commentary, criticism, news, research, reporting, teaching, and other similar purposes under the fair use legal doctrine. The following conditions must be met before copyrighted content can be used in a way that is fair use:
The nature of the copyrighted work; the size and significance of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; the purpose and character of the use, including whether the use is for commercial or educational purposes that are not for profit; and how the use will affect the copyrighted work's potential market or value.
Should CTTO Be Used?
It is a common misunderstanding that works published online are not subject to copyright protection. As a result, many Internet users freely copy, alter, and distribute anything they see online. '_com-box-4','ezslot_7',193,,_('div-gpt-ad-_com-box-4-0');
However, works published in electronic format (such as images, videos, and software) are considered to be protected by copyright under existing laws, such as the Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines. Except when it falls under the principles of fair use, any original work published on the Internet must have the permission of the copyright owner before it can be copied or distributed.
But in social media sites like Facebook, should you use ""CTTO"" to give credit to the copyright owner? In Chapter VIII, Section 184 of the Intellectual Property Code, it is specifically stated that copyright infringement does not occur if the act of using the original author's work is compatible with fair use and if the source and author's name (if it appears on the work) are mentioned.
Even if your use falls under fair use and you may not need to ask the copyright owner for permission, putting ""CTTO"" in your social media posts may not be enough to satisfy the law's requirements of mentioning the source and the name of the author (if available).
In conclusion, you shouldn't use CTTO because it doesn't give credit to the owner of the copyright. If the original author decides to file a copyright infringement case against you, which is uncommon in the context of social media, doing so may expose you to legal issues. 300,250],'_com-banner-1',);
How should the owner of the copyright be credited?
Include the source and name of the original author or creator to give credit to the copyright owner in the appropriate manner. You could, for instance, write something like ""Source: Juan dela Cruz"" or ""Photo by Juan dela Cruz"" on your Facebook page if you want to share a stunning image of the Chocolate Hills. “Photo credit: www.tourism.gov.ph” or Tourism Department.""
A good example of giving credit to the owner of the copyright If at all possible, you should also get the owner's permission before copying or reproducing his original work. When you gently ask people to use your work with their permission, you might be surprised at how receptive they are. Don't forget to tell them when and where you'll use their original work so they can make sure they get credit.
If you believe that your use of someone else's original work falls under fair use, such as for educational and non-commercial purposes, you probably don't need to worry much about it as long as you give credit where it is due. However, since fair use is frequently evaluated by the courts and on a case-by-case basis, it is preferable to consult an attorney first.
Final Thoughts Although using CTTO in Facebook posts is simple and doesn't require much effort, it's not the right way to give credit to the original author or creator. Make sure to include the source and the name of the author or creator of whatever you are sharing. By doing so, you not only keep yourself out of legal trouble but also show the original creator the respect and credit they truly deserve.
This article does not provide legal advice and is only intended for educational and informational purposes. If you want advice on a specific legal issue, you should talk to your attorney.
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