However, the development of extrusion technology is still grinding and crushing the theory of modern research and development inseparable. Crushed physics is a complex area of science that studies the material by a variety of structural changes in mechanical stress. The most important of these parameters is the stress distribution and to impose their speed, the specific mechanical properties of other materials should also be considered. The result is a crushing material changes in the structure, including the creation of new surfaces and materials are crushed and internal defects.
Fracture mechanics is to describe the particle by the force rupture of the subjects. Performance is based on the formation of cracks began to fracture critical point for the study of the process. Determination of fracture mechanics may be micro-cracks can occur and cause a variety of materials, fracture mechanical stress conditions. The first is the process of material fracture and cracks spread, followed by crack propagation until fracture. Breaking strength of materials is the maximum stress in the specimen area measured within the maximum number and size of cracks in the function. If the decision is known micro-crack propagation of two parameters: the average size of micro-cracks and specific fracture energy rF, it is possible to calculate the fracture strength of materials, and when the external pressure exceeds the material strength, the material will be broken. Than the fracture energy is released per unit for the expansion of cracks in the surface energy required. Brittle materials, fracture energy is about 5J/m2, plastic materials for the lOJ/m2, the metal is 500J/m2.
The steel bar by the force, for example. When a steel bar by the force, it changes the internal stress is increased. Figure 2-1 shows the stress-strain curve of a standard steel bars. This curve consists of two parts, namely, elastic strain and plastic strain zone district. Figure 2-1 that the elastic strain in the linear part of the area, indicating that the material in the elastic recovery after unloading to the initial state capacity.
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