Calibrate Screen Measurements / Scaling in Mac OS X

Calibrate Screen Measurements / Scaling in Mac OS X

Is there a way to adjust the scaling of items on the screen in Mac OS X so they are 1 to 1 with the real world? I.E. When I'm working with a line in illustrator that is 5 inches long, and the zoom is 100%, I'd like the actual size of the line on screen to be 5 inches.